The Relationship Between Psychological Distress, And Criminal Thinking Among University Students

Abstract

Background: University students often face significant psychological distress due to academic, social, and financial stressors. Emerging literature suggests that such distress may be linked to maladaptive cognitive patterns, including criminal thinking. However, little is known about how this relationship manifests in low- and middle-income countries, particularly among university student populations in Pakistan. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological distress and criminal thinking among university students in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A cross-sectional, correlation design was employed. Data were collected from 261 university students using convenience sampling technique. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and criminal thinking was assessed via the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTS-3). Data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistic and Pearson correlation test were applied. Results: Statistically significant positive correlation between psychological distress and criminal thinking was found which is (r = 0.307, p < 0.01), suggesting that higher distress levels are associated with more pronounced criminal cognitive patterns. Conclusion: The findings highlight the psychological vulnerability of university students and the potential cognitive risks linked to unresolved distress. Targeted interventions that address both emotional well-being and maladaptive cognition are recommended, for students.

Keywords: Psychological Distress, Criminal Thinking, University Students, Pakistan