International Developmental Projects And Environmental Governance In Pakistan: The Case Of Cpec Energy Projects

Abstract

This research looks at the environmental governance procedures used for energy projects funded by foreigners in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a major project of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Because of the size and nature of its energy projects—many of which depend on fossil fuels—CPEC poses serious environmental concerns even as it promises substantial economic and infrastructure growth through improved energy security. A critical analysis has been carried out of the environmental frameworks in CPEC energy projects and their implementation. The institutional, legal, and policy frameworks controlling environmental supervision in these projects are examined, which also identifies weaknesses in implementation of environmental regulation on institutional level, public engagement, enforcement, and transparency. The study illustrates how governance issues impede United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by examining environmental impact assessments (EIAs), regulatory compliance, and community participation strategies. It goes on to address the compliance and significance of Pakistan's environmental regulations and the organizations' adherence to them and how it plays a part in the creation of global initiatives. To guarantee that economic progress under CPEC does not come at the price of environmental integrity, the study urges improved cooperation between Pakistani institutions and international investors, stronger environmental governance, and more transparent accountability procedures.